{"id":38210,"date":"2026-09-05T21:36:51","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T19:36:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rhinosd.net\/?p=38210"},"modified":"2026-09-05T21:36:51","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T19:36:51","slug":"washington-post-sudanese-army-possesses-a-secret-stockpile-of-chemical-weapons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rhinosd.net\/?p=38210&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Washington Post: Sudanese Army Possesses a Secret Stockpile of Chemical Weapons"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rhino: Agencies<\/span><\/h1>\n

In an exclusive investigation, The Washington Post has uncovered a large collection of documents, videos, text messages, and photographic materials that it says provide new evidence that the \u201cPort Sudan government\u201d had established a secret stockpile of chemical weapons, and that senior military officials attempted to conceal this program after using chlorine-filled bombs against the Rapid Support Forces.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The materials obtained by the newspaper indicate that the program involved diverting shipments of chlorine intended for drinking water treatment for military purposes, concealing warhead manufacturing sites within military bases, conducting bomb tests in remote desert areas, and compiling lists of targets where the toxic gas was believed to be capable of penetrating defenses.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The newspaper states that these previously unpublished materials go far beyond the limited information disclosed by the U.S. government when it imposed economic sanctions on the \u201cPort Sudan government\u201d following two attacks in September 2024 in which chlorine gas was suspected of being used.<\/span><\/h1>\n

According to the report, if it is proven that the Port Sudan government has stockpiled or used chemical weapons, this would constitute a violation of the long-standing international ban on such weapons and place Sudan alongside countries such as Syria and Iraq, which have faced international condemnation for using chemical agents against their own populations.<\/span><\/h1>\n

According to The Washington Post, the newspaper obtained this collection of materials from security officials in the Middle East who said they had received it from sources inside Sudan and requested that their identities\u2014and those of their governments\u2014remain anonymous.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The files contain a number of documents\u2014allegedly prepared by Sudanese military officials\u2014referring to \u201cdual-effect\u201d munitions filled with \u201cchoking gas,\u201d as well as video clips showing weapons tests that produce greenish-yellow smoke.<\/span><\/h1>\n

According to the newspaper, these files also include messages between Sudanese military officials indicating that security agencies possessed as many as 290 chemical munitions. The materials do not conclusively clarify what subsequently happened to this alleged stockpile.<\/span><\/h1>\n

On the veracity of the new information:<\/span><\/h1>\n

To verify the materials, the newspaper consulted more than 24 Western intelligence officials, inspectors, chemical weapons experts, and human rights specialists. According to the newspaper, these sources said the materials constitute credible evidence of a chemical weapons program, but they emphasized that reaching a definitive conclusion would require access to the sites where the weapons are suspected to be located and interviews with witnesses\u2014something that has not been possible since the outbreak of the war.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Gareth Williams, a former official with the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), said the evidence provided to the newspaper was \u201cextremely concerning,\u201d and that while the stockpiling of chlorine munitions cannot be definitively proven by visual evidence alone, the indicators strongly point to the existence of a chemical weapons program.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, or use of such weapons, and requires signatory states to allow inspections by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). Sudan has been a signatory to the convention since 1999. The new revelation comes as Al-Burhan prepares to deliver a speech on behalf of Sudan before the United Nations General Assembly later this month.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The investigation suggests that the emergence of such a potential chemical arsenal adds a dangerous dimension to the civil war between the Sudanese Armed Forces, led by al-Burhan, and the Rapid Support Forces, led by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (\u201cHemedti\u201d). The army controls Khartoum and large swaths of the east, while the Rapid Support Forces control significant parts of the west.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The report also places the Sudanese war within the context of a broader regional conflict, as the country has become an arena of rivalry among Middle Eastern nations. According to Western security officials and human rights organizations cited by the newspaper, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey are supporting the Sudanese Armed Forces, while the United Arab Emirates is backing the Rapid Support Forces.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Experts note that chlorine-based chemical weapons are primitive weapons dating back to the trench warfare of World War I. While they are unlikely to decisively shift the balance of the war, they can be used to instill panic and force troops in fortified positions to withdraw.<\/span><\/h1>\n

What Did the Secret Conversations Reveal?<\/span><\/h1>\n

According to the investigation, one of the conversations reveals how some Sudanese officers were thinking about using gas. In a message dated December 2024, a person identified as a Sudanese officer discussed police barracks controlled by the Rapid Support Forces, including guard towers and sniper positions. He said the site should be targeted because the gas would blanket the towers and force the snipers to come down, allowing army forces to \u201cneutralize\u201d them. It is unclear from the materials whether a chemical attack on those barracks was actually carried out.<\/span><\/h1>\n

According to the newspaper, the documents state that these messages were sent about three months after two attacks that the United States attributed to Sudan, in which chlorine gas was used against Rapid Support Forces positions at the Jili oil refinery and the Qari military base north of Khartoum in September 2024.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The files also contain indications of the use of chlorine bombs in other incidents. In a conversation dating back to late 2024, a Sudanese officer appears to have reported that hundreds of chlorine bombs had been gathered and stored at the Merowe Air Base\u2014one of the Sudanese Air Force\u2019s most important facilities\u2014noting that 106 of them had already been used.<\/span><\/h1>\n

One of the most striking pieces of material was a message believed to have been sent to an officer in the Sudanese Armed Forces who had participated in the airstrikes. Attached to it was a video clip showing a person believed to be one of the war\u2019s victims, whose skin appeared to bear severe burns.<\/span><\/h1>\n

According to the investigation, the message included a sarcastic comment: \u201cI cooked you,\u201d in a possible reference to a bombing or chemical attack. According to security officials in the Middle East, the sender of several of these messages was Tariq Madani, whom they described as an officer in the Sudanese Armed Forces and the alleged chief engineer of the chemical weapons program.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Tariq Madani\u2019s name appears repeatedly in the materials; he is said to have sent photos of facilities used for assembling bombs, discussed warhead specifications, and exchanged messages about the program with Sudanese officials, including al-Burhan.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Earlier this year, the U.S. Treasury Department imposed sanctions on Tariq Madani for his role as a senior official in Sudan\u2019s military procurement program, as well as in his capacity as managing director of \u201cTarget Multi-Activities Company Ltd.,\u201d which the department said imported explosives and related materials into Sudan from Egyptian and Indian companies.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The officials who provided the documents to the newspaper obtained a phone number linked to the messages and audio recordings attributed to Madani, and said the number appears in public databases as belonging to this Tarek Madani. The newspaper called the number, and a person who identified himself as Tarek answered but denied any knowledge of or involvement in the production of chemical weapons.<\/span><\/h1>\n

He said he was Madani and that this was a military matter, adding that journalists should ask a military official about it because he knew nothing about it. Meanwhile, digital forensics experts hired by the newspaper examined the key audio recordings and visual materials and found no evidence of tampering.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The Nature of the Army\u2019s Chemical Program:<\/span><\/h1>\n

The materials indicate that the \u201cSudanese Army\u201d relied on rudimentary components, locally available equipment, the conversion of chlorine shipments, and simple manufacturing processes to build its alleged arsenal.<\/span>
\nPhotos and videos show dozens of rudimentary bombs stacked inside warehouse-like facilities. They also show cylinders resembling those used to store liquefied gas, which have been modified by welding and fitted with conical tips, launch mechanisms, and stabilizer fins, so that the bomb falls nose-first toward the target.<\/span><\/h1>\n

According to an analysis by weapons experts, one of the videos shows a rudimentary system for filling munitions with chlorine drawn from large yellow storage cylinders. The clip shows a number of metal tanks connected to a source of chilled water, amid a network of valves and hoses.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Experts said the system appears designed to cool the cylinders while they are being filled with liquefied gas, a process that generates heat and requires cooling. Other images show a weapons rack mounted on the floor of an Antonov An-32, a Soviet-made aircraft used by the Sudanese Air Force; the mechanism appears to be designed to allow bombs to be loaded and then dropped from the cargo door while in flight.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The newspaper reports that the most striking images in the collection are those that appear to document actual tests of chemical bombs in remote desert areas. In one clip, the sound of an approaching aircraft can be heard before the projectiles strike the ground, sending up large plumes of yellow vapor.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Experts who viewed the footage said the yellow color corresponds to that associated with chlorine gas. The voices of people not visible in the clip can also be heard cheering in celebration of the explosions.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The documents also indicate that the design of the warheads changed over time, with the size of the containers increased and separate chambers containing small metal balls added to injure or kill people near the blast site.<\/span><\/h1>\n

One of the documents describes a \u201cdual-effect\u201d bomb approximately four feet long, containing 15 kilograms of gas and 20 kilograms of explosives. The document also indicates that those in charge of the program were concerned with concealing traces of chemical use; it states that the main objective of the new design was to hide evidence of chemical use and to release the gas directly from the tank in a way that would make the operation more difficult to detect.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Source of Chlorine Gas:<\/span><\/h1>\n

As for the source of chlorine, the materials present a mixed picture. Chlorine is essential for treating drinking water and killing harmful bacteria, but when used as a weapon, it can burn the skin, penetrate the lungs, and cause respiratory failure. Images of the cylinders found at the sites of the 2024 attacks allowed C4ADS and France 24 to trace their origin to a supplier in India, who stated that he had shipped the chlorine solely for water treatment purposes. The images analyzed by C4ADS showed large chlorine tanks that appeared to have exploded on impact, rather than bombs equipped with detonators and tail fins.<\/span><\/h1>\n

A Middle Eastern security official who provided the documents to the newspaper said that, in his assessment, intelligence files indicate the Sudanese Armed Forces were still testing the design of chlorine bombs at that time, and that these bombs had not yet been approved for use when the attack on the Al-Jili refinery took place. However, other documents suggest that Sudan may have had additional sources of chlorine. There are messages attributed to Tariq Madani that mention the arrival of 20 large tanks via a border crossing with Egypt, and claim that the production capacity could reach 1,100 bombs.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Other messages also mention water treatment plants. In an audio recording that officials attributed to Tariq Madani, the speaker refers to chlorine cylinders used for disinfection and killing bacteria at a water purification facility, stating that these cylinders are supplied through health programs run by the United Nations or other entities, before adding that they \u201ctook some of them.\u201d This raises sensitive questions about the possibility of diverting materials intended for humanitarian purposes to military use.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Last year, the United States announced new sanctions against Sudan in response to the alleged use of chemical weapons, including restrictions on loans, exports, and technical assistance. The U.S. State Department said at the time that it had concluded that Sudan \u201cused chemical weapons in violation of international law,\u201d but disclosed only a limited amount of the evidence on which it based that conclusion.<\/span><\/h1>\n

In September 2025, the documents include a letter attributed to Tariq Madani in which he states that he wants to reassure al-Burhan that a military base where the weapons had been stored had been \u201ccleared of traces and remnants.\u201d According to the investigation, this message comes in the context of attempts to address mounting international pressure regarding allegations of chemical weapons use.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Al-Burhan had publicly announced in May of the previous year the formation of a Sudanese committee to investigate allegations against the armed forces regarding the use of chemical weapons. However, one of the documents related to the investigation directed that Tariq Madani\u2019s name be included among the participants \u201cdue to his expertise,\u201d which means\u2014if the document is authentic\u2014that the person described by security officials as the alleged architect of the chemical weapons program would have participated in the investigation into allegations concerning that very same program. The document is dated July 2025 and bears al-Burhan\u2019s signature.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Last fall, the Sudanese authorities announced the results of the investigation, stating that \u201cbased on the available evidence and data obtained from field measurements,\u201d there was no evidence of chemical or radioactive contamination. Thus, the official Sudanese conclusion directly contradicts the previous U.S. assessment and the new evidence presented by The Washington Post, which, according to the newspaper, was examined by Western experts.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Examination of Digital Evidence:<\/span><\/h1>\n

To further verify the materials, The Washington Post enlisted the help of experts in digital and audio evidence. Catalin Grigoras, director of the National Center for Media Forensics at the University of Colorado Denver, and Hafiz Malik, a professor of engineering at the University of Michigan-Dearborn, along with two of his students, conducted a digital forensic analysis of the audio recordings. They found no evidence suggesting that artificial intelligence was used to manipulate the recordings. However, their analysis did not conclusively determine whether Al-Burhan was the speaker in some of the recordings, partly due to the poor audio quality.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Expert Hani Farid, chief scientist at GetReal Security and a professor of computer science at Dartmouth College, examined the key photos and videos in the investigation through a series of tests that included analysis of lighting, shadows, perspective, and statistical patterns that can reveal whether images or clips have been digitally generated or altered. Farid found no indications of tampering in the visual materials he examined.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The report concludes that the new materials constitute strong and troubling evidence of a chemical weapons program in Sudan; however, access to storage and manufacturing sites, examination of munitions, interviews with witnesses, and an independent international investigation remain essential for reaching a definitive conclusion. If the information is confirmed, the Sudanese military\u2019s possession or use of these weapons would constitute a serious violation of the Chemical Weapons Convention and international law, adding a potential crime to the extensive record of violations associated with the Sudanese war.<\/span><\/h1>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rhino: Agencies In an exclusive investigation, The Washington Post has uncovered a large collection of documents, videos, text messages, and photographic materials that it says provide new evidence that the \u201cPort Sudan government\u201d had established a secret stockpile of chemical weapons, and that senior military officials attempted to conceal this program after using chlorine-filled bombs …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":38211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sudan-en"],"yoast_head":"\nWashington Post: Sudanese Army Possesses a Secret Stockpile of Chemical Weapons - 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