{"id":26937,"date":"2025-08-21T19:36:13","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T17:36:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rhinosd.net\/?p=26937"},"modified":"2025-08-21T19:36:13","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T17:36:13","slug":"womens-emergency-response-rooms-as-flourishing-sites-of-democracy-in-wartime-sudan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rhinosd.net\/?p=26937&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Women\u2019s Emergency Response Rooms as Flourishing Sites of Democracy in Wartime Sudan"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Sudan War series is a joint collaboration between the Center for Economic, Legal, and Social Studies and Documentation \u2013 Khartoum (CEDEJ-K), Sudan-Norway Academic Cooperation (SNAC) and African Arguments \u2013 Debating Ideas. Through a number of themes that explore the intersections of war, displacement, identities and capital, Sudanese researchers, many of whom are themselves displaced, highlight their own experiences, the unique dynamisms within the larger communities affected by war, and readings of their possible futures.<\/span><\/h1>\n

They say revolutions turn out badly. But they\u2019re constantly confusing two different things, the way revolutions turn out historically and peo\u00adple\u2019s revolutionary becoming. These relate to two different sets of people. Men\u2019s only hope lies in a revolutionary becoming: the only way of casting off their shame or responding to what is intolerable \u2013 Gilles Deleuze<\/span><\/h1>\n

Since the early days of the mid-April 2023 war, Emergency Response Rooms (ERRs) have emerged as a practical extension of the Resistance Committees. The latter were grassroots political groups formed during the December 2018 revolution tasked with shaping the direction of the mobilization towards change. The ERRs too are more than a coordinated humanitarian response, as their work and ethos build on the Committees\u2019 original political vision: building a grassroots civic space that is people-centered\u00a0with the aim of reconfiguring the uneven dynamic between society and the state.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Adapting the Resistance Committees\u2019 revolutionary discourse to wartime realities, the rooms became a unique sociopolitical phenomenon. They preserved their participatory essence even as their role shifted from protest organizing to service delivery. Their concept of \u201cpopular sovereignty\u201d manifested direct citizen engagement in decision-making processes through the diffusion of power across community institutions.<\/span><\/h1>\n

In the same vein, Women\u2019s Emergency Response Rooms (WRRs) represent a natural extension of the feminist struggle that began with the revolution. Since 2018, female revolutionaries have worked to confront both the militarization of the state and the patriarchal nature of the regime. Their resistance took on the form of claiming public space while making women\u2019s issues and experiences central to political discourse. Today, these efforts manifest in women\u2019s emergency rooms, spaces that do more than distribute food and medicine. WRRs create safe havens for women, promote economic empowerment initiatives, and establish accountability systems to address the rampant violence from the conflict. Protocols rolled out for addressing sexual violence reflect activists\u2019 long experience in resisting President Omer al-Bashir\u2019s (in office from 1989 until the 2019 revolution) security governance system. Their current humanitarian interventions deploy localized feminist knowledge as tools towards social transformation.<\/span><\/h1>\n

After Sudan\u2019s 2021 military coup, Resistance Committees emerged as a constitutive power with transformative proposals like local councils outlined in the Committees\u2019 revolutionary charter. The Resistance Committees proposed radical democratic reforms, such as decentralizing power, instituting popular sovereignty, and enabling grassroots constitutional participation.<\/span><\/h1>\n

With the outbreak of war, the Resistance Committees shifted their efforts from political action to relief work. They established countrywide emergency response rooms as community-based aid initiatives. These rooms served as the first and only line of defense against both the collapse of state institutions and the brutality of war. <\/span><\/h1>\n

Their volunteers provided urgent assistance to those affected. Clean water, food and evacuation support were just a few interventions. They played a vital role in the upkeep of public health through maintaining the daily running of hospitals, facilitating access to pharmaceuticals and supporting medical staff \u2013 all vital services to the context of an active war. Communal kitchens were another central feature of the war effort, and by feeding millions they kept the spectre of famine at bay.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The WRRs began operating in Khartoum and its three constituent cities in the early days of the war in April 2023, as an urgent response to the wave of violations against women, particularly sexual violence perpetrated by fighters from the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). They quickly succeeded in establishing a practical and flexible response system in a large number of the neighborhoods where they had operated as Resistance Committees before the war.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Tama, a volunteer in a women\u2019s emergency room in central Sudan, says: \u201cWhen the war began, we were still in our revolutionary place, present within grassroots resistance systems, including resistance, political groups and unions. The war made us continue to resist by working to save the people.\u201d<\/span><\/h1>\n

Drawing on their understanding of the local contexts, their responses were faster and more effective than public initiatives. Volunteers quickly organized themselves into independent bodies \u2013 women\u2019s emergency rooms or women\u2019s offices within public emergency rooms \u2013 focusing on providing integrated services.<\/span><\/h1>\n

These services included clinical treatment for rape cases, provision of health supplies, safe evacuation, and psychological and reproductive support. They also established cooperatives to empower women economically through handicrafts. What began as an emergency response quickly transformed into a unique organizational model.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nyana, a volunteer with one of Khartoum State\u2019s emergency rooms, recounts: \u201cWe, the Resistance Committees in our area, met on the night of April 15, and our room and began operating that same day. The official inauguration came two days later, on April 17. Our area contains 17 administrative units, served by nine women\u2019s offices and 12 women\u2019s branch offices, as some units require multiple sectors of coverage. We see these offices working tirelessly to reach every neighborhood.\u201d<\/span><\/h1>\n

Because of its revolutionary roots, the women\u2019s emergency rooms successfully broadened their social reach to incorporate new community members, teachers, medical professionals, midwives, and housewives who had never before engaged in resistance activities. Remarkably, these rooms even gained footholds in traditionally conservative communities that had previously resisted such organizing efforts.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nyana shares with visible pride: \u201cToday, we\u2019ve established women\u2019s branch offices in areas where women couldn\u2019t even walk freely in public before, let alone work. Many started as informal women\u2019s gatherings or coffee circles. With support from the women rooms, these evolved into productive cooperatives specializing in soap-making, baking, and other crafts. Other groups began as psychological safe spaces.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The rooms ensure each circle has female doctors or therapists, when possible, though the healing continues even without professionals. Whether sharing skills or stories in groups of 12-15 women, these sessions create something revolutionary: solidarity. What began as coping mechanisms have now become official extensions of our women\u2019s network, proof that care can be both medicine and mobilization.\u201d<\/span><\/h1>\n

As the conflict expanded, emergency rooms spread to new areas, both those experiencing direct conflict and within displacement destinations. The ethics of care \u2013 a practice that emphasizes practical concern for others, close relationships, and adapting to each situation, rather than relying on general rules \u2013 emerged as a key organizing principle.<\/span><\/h1>\n

This was embodied in the creation of safe spaces that provide women and children with psychological support, educational and recreational activities, as well as specialized healthcare such as malnutrition testing and the distribution of therapeutic foods.<\/span><\/h1>\n

These spaces were designed through in-depth consultations with local women, who were asked about their needs, preferred locations, discussion topics, productive activities, and even meal preferences. When cases of food scarcity arose, the rooms began providing dates, fruits, and nutritional biscuits with meals to prevent malnutrition, while allowing the women to choose the rest of their food.<\/span><\/h1>\n

The ethics of care presents a transformative framework that centers human relationships and practical compassion as foundational to moral reasoning. Rather than treating care as a mere obligation, this approach elevates it to a primary moral value that actively shapes both thought and action.<\/span><\/h1>\n

In this setting, women\u2019s emergency rooms translated the ethics of care from a philosophical concept to a lived reality. Their volunteers rejected artificial divisions between political organizing and humanitarian work, instead embodying care as integrated praxis.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Moreover, the women\u2019s rooms fundamentally understood relief work as political action. They created secure systems for handling sexual violence cases, thus applying lessons learned from years of activist resistance.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Mroy, a pharmacist, shared her story: \u201cWhen the war started, I joined a women\u2019s emergency room in my area and began working in a hospital in an RSF-controlled area. Because the hospital couldn\u2019t treat sexual violence cases or even document them, a doctor friend and I worked secretly. She conducted examinations while I provided medical protocols and psychological support. If a patient was pregnant, the women\u2019s room arranged her transfer to another city.\u201d<\/span><\/h1>\n

At the same time, the women\u2019s rooms operated through a decentralized model rooted in collective decision-making, demonstrating remarkable resilience in the face of funding constraints and supply shortages. One notable example occurred in an RSF-controlled area of Khartoum where scheduled deliveries of dignity kits failed to arrive.<\/span><\/h1>\n

In response, the women\u2019s emergency rooms \u2013 after consulting with local women \u2013 improvised by sourcing materials from nearby markets to recreate the kits.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Ranu, a volunteer at a Women\u2019s Emergency Room, explains: \u201cWe have no representation at the LCC [Localization Coordination Council] level, so we cannot speak directly with donors about women\u2019s needs in our area. Our office receives only 5% of funding because the Program Office prioritizes food and water above all else.\u201d<\/span><\/h1>\n

This testimony lays bare the systemic exclusion of women\u2019s voices in Sudan\u2019s emergency response structures \u2013 a pattern rooted in the Resistance Committee era but perpetuated through institutions like the Localization Coordination Council (LCC). <\/span><\/h1>\n

While the LCC governs emergency operations with representatives from various national organizations across all administrative levels, it consistently excludes both women\u2019s offices within general emergency rooms and independent women\u2019s emergency rooms from decision-making tables.<\/span><\/h1>\n

This structural marginalization creates a vicious cycle where women\u2019s specific needs remain chronically underfunded, donor priorities go unchallenged, and bureaucratic systems continue to Favour supposedly gender-neutral aid over targeted interventions, leaving critical gaps in services for women even as crises deepen.<\/span><\/h1>\n

For Sudan\u2019s revolutionary women, these rooms represent more than crisis intervention: they are a continuation of their struggle for full participation in civil and political life. What emerges is not temporary mutual aid, but the birth of a new lexicon for collective action, one that erases false boundaries between relief and revolution, between care and resistance.<\/span><\/h1>\n

Source: AFRICAN ARGUMENT<\/span><\/h1>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Sudan War series is a joint collaboration between the Center for Economic, Legal, and Social Studies and Documentation \u2013 Khartoum (CEDEJ-K), Sudan-Norway Academic Cooperation (SNAC) and African Arguments \u2013 Debating Ideas. Through a number of themes that explore the intersections of war, displacement, identities and capital, Sudanese researchers, many of whom are themselves displaced, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":26938,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sudan-en"],"yoast_head":"\nWomen\u2019s Emergency Response Rooms as Flourishing Sites of Democracy in Wartime Sudan - \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rhinosd.net\/?p=26937&lang=en\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Women\u2019s Emergency Response Rooms as Flourishing Sites of Democracy in Wartime Sudan - \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Sudan War series is a joint collaboration between the Center for Economic, Legal, and Social Studies and Documentation \u2013 Khartoum (CEDEJ-K), Sudan-Norway Academic Cooperation (SNAC) and African Arguments \u2013 Debating Ideas. 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